Transactions

In this guide, you’ll learn about order transactions, how to check an order’s outstanding amount, and how transactions relate to payments and refunds.

What is a Transaction?#

A transaction represents any order payment process, such as capturing or refunding an amount. It’s represented by the OrderTransaction data model.

The transaction’s main purpose is to ensure a correct balance between paid and outstanding amounts.

Transactions are also associated with returns, claims, and exchanges when additional payment or refunds are required.

Checking Outstanding Amount#

The order’s total amounts are stored in the OrderSummary's totals property, which is a JSON object holding the total details of the order.

Code
1{2  "totals": {3    "total": 30,4    "subtotal": 30,5    // ...6  }7}

To check the outstanding amount of an order, the transaction amounts from the Transaction records are summed. Then, the following conditions are evaluated:

Condition	Result
summary’s total - transaction amounts total = 0	There’s no outstanding amount.
summary’s total - transaction amounts total > 0	The customer owes additional payment to the merchant.
summary’s total - transaction amounts total < 0	The merchant owes the customer a refund.

Transaction Reference#

The Order Module doesn’t provide payment processing functionalities, so it doesn’t store payments that can be processed. Payment functionalities are provided by the Payment Module.

The OrderTransaction data model has two properties that determine which data model and record holds the actual payment’s details:

reference: indicates the table’s name in the database. For example, capture from the Payment Module.
reference_id: indicates the ID of the record in the table. For example, capt_123.

Refund Transactions#

When a refund is created for an order, an OrderTransaction record is created with its reference property set to refund. The reference_id property is set to the ID of the refund record in the Payment Module.

The transaction's amount for refunds will be a negative value, indicating that the merchant owes the customer a refund.

Example: Retrieve Order's Refunds

To retrieve an order's refunds, you can retrieve the order's transactions using Query and filter the transactions by their reference property.

For example:

Code
1const query = container.resolve("query") // or req.scope.resolve("query")2
3const { data: [order] } = await query.graph({4  entity: "order",5  fields: ["*", "transactions.*"],6  filters: {7    id: "order_123",8  },9})10
11const refundTransactions = order.transactions?.filter(12  (t) => t?.reference === "refund"13)14
15// calculate total refunded amount as a positive value16const totalRefunded = refundTransactions?.reduce((acc, t) => acc + Math.abs(t!.amount || 0), 0)

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